Study reveals kimchi’s role in combating obesity among South Koreans
In an insightful study featured in BMJ Open, the intricate link between the consumption of kimchi and obesity levels within the South Korean populace has been meticulously analysed. This research delves into the multifaceted relationship between diet and obesity, spotlighting the traditional Korean delicacy, kimchi, known for its low-calorie content yet high nutritional value, including an abundance of vitamins, dietary fibre, polyphenols, and probiotics.
Obesity, a burgeoning health crisis linked to a plethora of adverse health conditions such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, and hyperlipidemia, has seen a steady rise in prevalence across South Korea. This trend accompanies a growing concern over abdominal obesity, further underscoring the urgency for effective public health strategies aimed at curtailing this epidemic. The escalating obesity rates have inevitably led to increased healthcare costs, highlighting the critical need for preventive measures.
Amidst growing concerns over kimchi’s contribution to dietary sodium intake, which a 2019-2020 survey pegged at 500 mg daily (accounting for 15% of total sodium consumption), the study embarked on exploring kimchi’s potential benefits. Despite the known risks associated with high sodium intake, including hypertension and obesity, previous investigations have suggested a positive correlation between fermented vegetables, such as kimchi, and reduced body weight, alongside improvements in cholesterol and blood glucose levels.
The current study leverages data from the expansive Health Examinees (HEXA) study, a part of a larger genetic and epidemiological research initiative aimed at uncovering the genetic and environmental determinants of chronic diseases in adults over 40. Initial assessments for HEXA were conducted between 2004 and 2013, with exclusions applied to individuals with a history of significant illnesses or lacking in reliable dietary or anthropometric data.
Utilising a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, the researchers assessed participants’ dietary intakes over the past year, focusing on various types of kimchi, including kkakdugi, dongchimi, baechu kimchi, and others. The study defined obesity based on a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m^2 and abdominal obesity as a waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 85 cm for women, incorporating a comprehensive questionnaire to gather additional demographic and lifestyle information.
The analysis involved categorising participants according to their kimchi intake levels and employing multivariable logistic regression to estimate the associations between kimchi consumption and obesity.
Involving 115,726 individuals, with an average age of 51.8 years and a majority being female, the study found an obesity prevalence of 28.2% overall. Notably, individuals indulging in five or more servings of kimchi daily exhibited higher weights and waist circumferences, alongside an increased likelihood of obesity and alcohol consumption.
Distinct patterns emerged between genders; men consuming significant amounts of kimchi tended to be younger, smokers, taller, and more physically active, while women with high kimchi intake were generally older, non-smokers, less active, post-menopausal, shorter, and married.
The study highlighted a nuanced relationship between kimchi consumption and obesity, indicating that moderate intake (one to three servings daily) was inversely associated with obesity risk in men. Specifically, a high intake of baechu kimchi significantly reduced the prevalence of both obesity and abdominal obesity among men, while women benefited from a moderate consumption level.
Furthermore, participants who consumed kkakdugi above the median quantity experienced lower rates of abdominal obesity, showcasing the differential impacts of various kimchi types on obesity metrics.
Despite some associations indicating higher obesity rates among those with excessive kimchi consumption, these findings were not statistically significant. The study also noted that higher kimchi intake correlated with increased consumption of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, sodium, cooked rice, and overall energy.
However, the study’s cross-sectional nature and its focus on a specific population limit the ability to draw causal connections and its applicability to broader demographics, respectively.
While this study doesn’t establish causation, it adds to the body of research supporting the inclusion of probiotic foods in the diet to promote gut microbiome diversity and subsequent weight management outcomes.
Read MoreThe first-ever “Obesity Bill of Rights” has been launched in the USA
In an unprecedented move to address the widespread and deeply rooted issue of obesity, which is the most prevalent and costly chronic disease across the United States, the National Consumers League (NCL) alongside the National Council on Aging (NCOA) have unveiled the nation’s inaugural Obesity Bill of Rights. This initiative, coupled with the establishment of the grassroots movement known as Right2ObesityCare, aims to instigate a profound shift in federal, state, and employer policies. The ultimate goal is to embed these rights within the framework of medical practice, ensuring that individuals with obesity receive comprehensive, non-discriminatory care as per medical guidelines.
Crafted through meticulous consultation with leading obesity experts and receiving endorsements from nearly 40 national bodies dedicated to obesity and chronic disease management, this Bill of Rights articulates eight fundamental entitlements. These entitlements guarantee that individuals with obesity are not only screened, diagnosed, and counselled but also treated in accordance with established medical guidelines. Moreover, it seeks to eradicate the pervasive issues of weight bias, ageism within healthcare settings, and the exclusionary practices of insurance providers and governmental bodies.
Sally Greenberg, the Chief Executive Officer of the National Consumers League, underscored the essence of the Obesity Bill of Rights, stating that it is designed to affirm the entitlement of all adults to quality obesity care. It empowers those afflicted by this disease to challenge and demand appropriate treatment free from any form of discrimination or prejudice, irrespective of their size or weight. Greenberg lamented the historical neglect and stigmatisation faced by individuals with obesity within the healthcare system, which has led to significant barriers in accessing care.
Echoing this sentiment, Patricia Nece, J.D., the Immediate Past Chair of the Obesity Action Coalition, shared her personal struggles with weight-related ridicule, highlighting the societal tendency to overlook the individual behind the weight.
Despite the American Medical Association’s recognition of obesity as a serious disease over a decade ago, a staggering number of American adults living with obesity remain undiagnosed. Out of an estimated 108 million adults, only 30 million have been diagnosed, and a mere 2% of those eligible for anti-obesity medications have received prescriptions. This lack of treatment has dire consequences, not only exacerbating the outcomes of over 230 obesity-related chronic conditions but also contributing to approximately 400,000 premature deaths annually and imposing an estimated $1.72 trillion burden on the U.S. economy.
The Obesity Bill of Rights introduces eight core rights aimed at catalysing transformative change and setting the standards for person-centred, quality care for individuals with obesity:
- The Right to Accurate, Clear, Trusted, and Accessible Information on obesity as a treatable chronic disease.
- The Right to Respect by all members of the integrated care team when screening, counselling, and providing treatment.
- The Right to Make Treatment Decisions about one’s health goals and obesity care in consultation with the individual’s health providers.
- The Right to Treatment from Qualified Health Providers including counselling and ongoing care from health providers with expertise in obesity care.
- The Right to Person-Centred Care that is personalised, respects the individual’s cultural beliefs, meets their specific health goals, and considers the person’s whole health and not just their weight status.
- The Right to Accessible Obesity Treatment from Health Systems, so those with severe obesity receive care in settings that allow for privacy, using size and weight-accessible equipment and diagnostic scans.
- The Right for Older Adults to Receive Quality Obesity Care that comprises a respectful, comprehensive care approach consistent with their personalised medical needs.
- The Right to Coverage for Treatment with access to the full range of treatment options for the person’s disease as prescribed by the individual’s health provider.
Ramsey Alwin, President and CEO of the NCOA, emphasised that these rights are foundational to ensuring that adults with obesity receive informed, respectful care, and comprehensive insurance coverage for treatments deemed necessary by their healthcare providers.
To promote the implementation of the Obesity Bill of Rights, the NCL and NCOA are spearheading the Right2ObesityCare movement. This campaign aims to engage a broad spectrum of stakeholders, including those with obesity, caregivers, health professionals, and policy-makers, through a variety of initiatives such as town halls, workshops, and advocacy forums. Additionally, efforts are underway to draft a model law that would facilitate the incorporation of the Obesity Bill of Rights into state legislation.
Prominent figures, including Rep. Brad Wenstrup and Rep. Gwen Moore, have voiced their support for legislative efforts to enhance obesity care and prevent associated health conditions. Their endorsements highlight the necessity of treating obesity as a chronic disease and ensuring that Americans can access holistic, high-quality care.
The development of the Obesity Bill of Rights was a comprehensive process that involved extensive research, community engagement, and expert consultations. The initiative has garnered initial support from 37 organisations, reflecting a wide endorsement from consumer, ageing, and public health sectors.
This groundbreaking initiative represents a pivotal step towards eradicating the stigma and discrimination faced by individuals with obesity, ensuring they receive the respect, care, and treatment they deserve.
Read MoreStudy finds some 40% of Chinese children face obesity by 2030
A comprehensive study recently unveiled alarming projections that nearly 40% of Chinese children and adolescents are on track to have overweight or obesity by the year 2030 if current upward trends persist. This pressing issue has prompted calls from experts for immediate action to mitigate the looming health crisis, with proposed strategies including the implementation of a 20% levy on sugar-laden beverages.
The research, which was published in The Lancet Regional Health last month and conducted by a collaborative team from the School of Public Health at Peking University and the United Nations Children’s Fund, highlights the swift rise in obesity rates among the youth in China, pinpointing significant consequent health and financial repercussions.
The study’s forecasts paint a grim picture, estimating a staggering lifetime economic toll of 218 trillion yuan (approximately $31.6 trillion) from 2025 to 2092, attributable to the prevailing rates of obesity among children and adolescents in the absence of intervention strategies.
Zhou Maigeng, Deputy Director of the National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, stressed that the economic strain posed by the increasing prevalence of children with overweight and obesity is often overlooked, as many related health complications have yet to manifest.
Alarm bells have already been sounded by data concerning adult obesity, which forewarns of the annual costs of chronic diseases linked to excess weight reaching 49 billion yuan by 2030, according to Zhou.
The upward trajectory of childhood and adolescent obesity in China has been startling, with prevalence rates soaring from a relatively modest 8.8% in 2000 to an estimated 37.9% in 2020—an increase of 400% over two decades. This surge has not only eclipsed the global average but also surpassed rates observed in certain Western and upper-middle-income nations. Without decisive action, researchers warn that these figures could exceed 60% by 2030.
In response to this growing public health concern, China has initiated several national interventions aimed at curbing the trend, focusing primarily on enhancing nutrition and physical activity within schools. The proposed introduction of a 20% tax on sugar-sweetened beverages, coupled with tighter restrictions on marketing unhealthy food products to children, has been identified as the most effective course of action.
This recommendation aligns with the World Health Organization’s guidance issued in December, urging nations to adopt or amplify existing taxes on sugary drinks as a measure to safeguard public health. The call to action is supported by evidence from countries like Mexico, South Africa, and the United Kingdom, where such fiscal policies have yielded positive outcomes.
Zhang Man, a researcher at Peking University, emphasised the importance of grounding policy decisions in scientific evidence and underscored the need for ongoing monitoring and evaluation of intervention impacts, suggesting adjustments based on observed results to enhance efficacy.
Read MoreRising bowel cancer rates in UK youth linked to obesity and alcohol consumption
A recent study has highlighted a concerning trend in the United Kingdom: increasing instances of bowel cancer among younger individuals, driven by unhealthy lifestyle choices. This alarming development is primarily attributed to factors such as obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, and a general lack of physical activity.
Traditionally diagnosed in individuals over the age of 50, bowel cancer is now increasingly affecting younger demographics. This shift coincides with a deterioration in lifestyle habits among the youth, including heightened alcohol consumption and reduced physical exercise. The research, published in the ‘Annals of Oncology‘, raises questions about the adequacy of current screening ages and calls for a re-evaluation.
The study also presents worrying findings regarding bowel cancer mortality rates in women. Unlike many other cancers, which are showing a declining death rate, bowel cancer continues to pose a significant threat to women of all ages. The comparative analysis of anticipated death rates in 2024, using 2018 as a baseline, reveals that the UK is experiencing a notably higher increase in these rates compared to other European countries like Italy, Germany, Poland, and Spain.
Specifically, the UK is facing a projected 26% increase in bowel cancer death rates among men and an even more startling 39% rise among women. These figures starkly contrast with those from other European nations, where the increases, though present, are considerably lower.
Researchers have identified a worrying trend in bowel cancer mortality, especially among the 25 to 49 age group, where rates have been climbing since around the year 2000 in both men and women. This is despite an overall decrease in colorectal cancer mortality across all age groups in past decades.
Interestingly, while the overall cancer death rates in the UK are predicted to decline among both sexes, bowel cancer remains a significant exception, particularly for women. The researchers noted that while age-standardised rates (ASRs) for bowel cancer are showing a favourable decrease for men, the same is not true for women.
Professor Carlo La Vecchia, from the University of Milan, emphasises that key contributors to this rise in young people include obesity, overweight, and associated health issues like elevated blood sugar levels and diabetes. He also points out the link between alcohol consumption and early onset bowel cancer. Countries that have seen a reduction in alcohol consumption, such as France and Italy, have not witnessed such pronounced increases in bowel cancer death rates.
Professor La Vecchia also highlights the aggressiveness of early onset bowel cancer, noting its lower survival rates compared to cases diagnosed in older individuals. He urges national governments to adopt policies promoting healthier lifestyles, including increased physical activity and reduced obesity and alcohol consumption. Furthermore, he advocates for the lowering of the age threshold for bowel cancer screening to 45 years.
The World Cancer Research Fund has labelled these findings as “alarming”, acknowledging the increasing exposure of young people to cancer risk factors from an early age. Dr Panagiota Mitrou, the director of research at the WCRF, underscores the importance of addressing these risk factors early on.
In England, bowel cancer screening is currently offered to individuals aged 60 to 74, with plans to expand the programme to those aged 50 to 59. However, there is a call for further improvements in diagnosis, treatment, and survival rates. Former national cancer director, Professor Sir Mike Richards, suggests adjusting the sensitivity threshold for the FIT stool test to enhance early detection.
Responding to these concerns, a spokesperson for the Department of Health and Social Care emphasised the role of the independent UK National Screening Committee in determining the age cohorts for screening, balancing the benefits against potential harms such as overdiagnosis. They also highlighted the government’s commitment to promoting healthier food choices and tackling obesity, acknowledging its significant impact on the NHS and its contribution to a range of serious diseases.
Read MoreUCSD Health study reveals AI’s potential in reducing sepsis mortality
Sepsis, a critical and often fatal response to infection that causes widespread inflammation and organ damage, is a major health concern, claiming the lives of approximately 350,000 Americans annually. Timely detection is crucial for effective treatment, involving prompt administration of antibiotics and intravenous fluids to stabilise the patient.
Researchers at UC San Diego Health have been exploring the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance early sepsis diagnosis. Their internally developed AI system, named COMPOSER, utilises machine learning and is trained on over 100,000 digital patient records from previous sepsis cases. A recent study published in the journal npj Digital Medicine has demonstrated the potential of COMPOSER in reducing mortality rates.
COMPOSER operates by analysing electronic health records of emergency patients at UCSD every hour. It evaluates various parameters, including medication histories and recent vital statistics, to identify individuals who may be in the initial stages of sepsis. This approach is particularly beneficial in ambiguous cases, where symptoms do not distinctly indicate sepsis.
Dr. Gabriel Wardi, a co-author of the study and a specialist in emergency medicine and sepsis, highlights the algorithm’s significance in situations where diagnostic clarity is lacking. The system acts as an additional tool for medical professionals, suggesting further examination of patients at risk of developing sepsis, thereby facilitating timely intervention.
The study involved 6,217 emergency patients at UCSD’s Hillcrest and La Jolla emergency departments. Comparing the outcomes of 5,000 patients treated before the implementation of COMPOSER with 1,152 patients during its active phase, researchers observed a reduction in sepsis mortality from 11.39% to 9.5%. While these results are promising, they represent correlations rather than direct cause-and-effect, due to the non-randomised nature of the trial.
Karin Molander, director of the Sepsis Alliance, acknowledges the potential benefits of AI in healthcare, particularly in continuous monitoring without human limitations. However, she emphasises the importance of verifying AI-generated recommendations.
The implementation of COMPOSER required careful calibration to minimise false alerts, ensuring that it aids rather than burdens healthcare providers. The system, while capable of predicting sepsis, cannot replace medical professionals, who are responsible for all patient care decisions.
Shamim Nemati, a co-author and UCSD associate professor, notes the challenges in training the algorithm to differentiate between sepsis and similar conditions. The ongoing development of COMPOSER includes enhancements to request additional diagnostic tests when necessary.
UCSD is expanding the use of COMPOSER to include patients admitted to the hospital, and its application is expected to extend to the new East Campus. The integration of advanced wearable sensors and large-language models like ChatGPT into the system is also underway, aiming to improve data accuracy and reduce false alarms.
UC San Diego Health is actively incorporating AI into various aspects of patient care, having appointed its first chief AI officer and collaborating with Microsoft Inc. to utilise AI technologies like ChatGPT in routine patient communications. This initiative is part of a broader strategy to centralise data integration and maximise the benefits of AI in healthcare.
Read MoreDigital health tools surge in popularity among Londoners
A groundbreaking report produced by the Health Innovation Network (HIN) South London and the NHS England (London) Digital First team reveals a significant shift towards digital healthcare engagement amongst London residents. The report, incorporating insights from over 3,000 London patients through online surveys and focus groups, discloses that nearly three-quarters of participants have embraced digital platforms like online consultation forms, the NHS App, and GP surgery websites for accessing primary healthcare services.
The report underscores the widespread appreciation for digital tools, citing their role in facilitating a more independent approach to healthcare management. The majority of respondents find these digital avenues not only user-friendly but also time-efficient, allowing for straightforward completion of essential healthcare tasks.
Despite the general ease of use, the report acknowledges disparities within London. Notably, 43% of respondents are unable to schedule routine GP appointments online, and nearly one-third lack comprehensive access to their medical records via the NHS App. Such variations highlight ongoing challenges in accessibility and feature availability.
The necessity to address digital exclusion is a critical component of the report, recognising the potential underrepresentation of digitally marginalised groups in such research. Efforts to combat the root causes of digital exclusion are emphasised as a priority.
The NHS App emerges as the most utilised digital tool, with 87% of survey participants reporting its use. The app is highly regarded for its informational value and the autonomy it provides in managing health, notably through medication reordering and health record access.
Online consultation forms are another key digital touchpoint, utilised by 77% of respondents. These forms are praised for reducing travel and waiting times, although challenges such as limited availability and the complexity of the forms are noted concerns.
GP surgery websites have been accessed by 76% of those surveyed, with users finding them beneficial for directing towards self-care and detailing GP service access. While improvements in website quality are noted, issues with navigation, appointment booking, and outdated information persist.
The report proposes several recommendations, including enhancing patient communication about available digital tools, pursuing higher standards in usability and accessibility, and adopting a patient-centred approach in service design and delivery.
Feedback from patients suggests that GP practices should extend the availability of online forms and increase the number of appointments bookable online. Additional suggestions include implementing mechanisms for timely patient feedback and ensuring all repeat medications in the NHS App are orderable. The report also addresses digital exclusion, advocating for a flexible approach in the application of digital tools.
At the report’s unveiling, Matt Nye, director of the Digital First Programme, NHS England (London), highlighted the pivotal role of digital tools in London’s primary care. Emphasising the potential for digital channels to yield long-term efficiency gains and enhance patient choice, Nye pointed out the benefits of freeing up GP teams’ administrative time to support patients needing alternative access methods.
Amanda Begley, director of digital transformation at HIN South London, reflected on the comprehensive insights gained about the effectiveness of digital primary care. She noted the high adoption rates of the NHS App, online forms, and GP websites, suggesting that minor improvements, as identified in the report, could significantly enhance patient experience and primary care services. Begley also stressed the importance of continually addressing digital exclusion and supporting primary care teams in offering a diverse array of digital and non-digital health management options.
Read MoreCan virtual hospitals be the cure for healthcare staffing woes?
The global healthcare sector is currently grappling with a critical shortage of medical professionals. In the United States, the situation has become particularly dire, with over 145,000 healthcare workers leaving their professions by the end of 2022. Experts caution that without addressing the primary concerns of healthcare workers, this shortage is likely to worsen.
Reports by McKinsey and Definitive Healthcare suggest that one potential solution to this crisis lies in the implementation of virtual hospitals, enabling the provision of healthcare services online. This article delves into the key factors contributing to the scarcity of skilled medical staff and examines how virtual patient care can help alleviate these issues.
The Exodus of Healthcare Workers:
The global population is ageing and experiencing deteriorating health, leading to an unprecedented demand for medical services. Even before the recent health crisis, healthcare providers were feeling overwhelmed by this increasing demand, which has only been exacerbated by the COVID pandemic. With a new wave of COVID infections sweeping the US, many medical workers are reluctant to face another surge in hospitalisations. Adding to this is the issue of experienced healthcare professionals nearing retirement age, but opting to leave early due to health concerns. This exodus has left a gap in mentorship and guidance for those still in training.
Governments, regulatory bodies, and healthcare organisations are under pressure to improve medical staff compensation and incentivise people to join the profession. However, some day-to-day challenges faced by healthcare professionals can be mitigated through technological advancements. Clinicians and nurses have expressed a desire for more flexible schedules, the option to work remotely, and increased opportunities for consultation with other experts. Virtual hospitals are a key solution to these needs.
What are Virtual Hospitals?
A virtual hospital is a full-scale digital hospital providing various medical services online and enabling patients to avoid the stress and burden of travelling to a distant brick-and-mortar facility. Virtual hospitals increase healthcare accessibility, helping people with limited access to medical care.
Four Key Benefits of Virtual Hospitals:
Reduced Pressure on Medical Staff:
Virtual hospitals, integrated with remote patient monitoring (RPM) solutions, allow medical conditions to be monitored and managed remotely. This integration reduces the necessity for patients to physically visit healthcare facilities, thereby lessening the workload on medical practitioners. Digital communication tools like chat rooms, medical chatbots, and secure video calls enable patients to receive timely medical advice, which can prevent the exacerbation of health issues and decrease unplanned hospital visits.
Increased Job Flexibility:
Virtual hospitals provide healthcare professionals with the flexibility to consult patients and collaborate with colleagues from any location. This flexibility enhances work-life balance and reduces burnout risks. According to FlexJobs’ 2023 Work Insights Survey, 96% of professionals find remote or hybrid work more conducive to mental health. Given that burnout is a leading cause of medical staff shortages, addressing it is key.
Enhanced Intraprofessional Collaboration:
Virtual hospitals facilitate easier collaboration between medical professionals across various locations, leading to more accurate diagnoses and improved care quality. This collaboration also aids in faster skill acquisition for new specialists, helping to address gaps in healthcare provision.
Safer Working Conditions:
For healthcare professionals at high risk of contracting infectious diseases like COVID or influenza, virtual interaction with patients and colleagues offers a safer alternative. Additionally, the digital recording of all interactions in virtual hospitals provides a safeguard against workplace harassment and abuse, further ensuring the safety of healthcare workers.
Conclusion:
The healthcare industry is at a pivotal moment where transformation is necessary to meet the growing patient demand. Healthcare workers need improved working conditions, fair compensation, and recognition. While virtual hospitals may not completely resolve the staffing crisis, they play a significant role in enhancing job satisfaction for healthcare professionals. By offering a safer work environment, promoting peer collaboration, and enabling better work-life balance, virtual hospitals can help retain healthcare professionals in the field, thereby ensuring continued provision of high-quality patient care.
Read MoreAdolescent stress linked to adult obesity and hypertension
Recent research indicates a strong correlation between high stress levels experienced during adolescence and the subsequent development of cardiometabolic risk factors, such as obesity and hypertension, in adulthood.
Published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, this study underscores the necessity of implementing stress management techniques from an early age. These strategies are vital in reducing the likelihood of health issues later in life, including heart disease and Type 2 diabetes.
Dr. Fangqi Guo, the lead author of the study and a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Southern California’s Keck School of Medicine, emphasises the significance of understanding how stress perceived from childhood impacts the escalation of cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults. Dr. Guo’s findings reveal that long-term stress perception significantly influences various cardiometabolic aspects such as fat distribution, vascular health, and obesity. He stresses the importance of adopting stress management practices during adolescence to safeguard health.
Cardiometabolic risk factors, encompassing obesity, Type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, high cholesterol, and hypertension, often co-occur and are major contributors to cardiovascular disease. In 2020, cardiometabolic diseases, including cardiovascular conditions and Type 2 diabetes, were leading chronic health issues in the U.S., accounting for approximately 25% of all deaths, as per the American Heart Association.
The American Heart Association’s 2017 report highlighted that childhood adversities have long-term effects on cardiometabolic health. In recent decades, perceived stress has also been increasingly recognised as a contributing factor to cardiometabolic health problems.
In this new investigation, researchers analysed data from 276 individuals participating in the Southern California Children’s Health Study. The participants, initially enrolled by their parents between 2003 and 2014 at an average age of six, underwent health assessments during adolescence and as young adults from 2018 to 2021. Their average ages during these assessments were 13 and 24 years, respectively.
Each assessment included responses to a four-item Perceived Stress Scale, a widely utilised method for assessing stress-related feelings and thoughts over the previous month. For the youngest participants, stress levels were reported by their parents. The participants were then categorised into four groups based on their stress patterns: consistently high, decreasing, increasing, and consistently low.
The study’s evaluation of cardiometabolic health involved various health measurements, such as blood pressure and weight. Researchers also examined neck artery thickness to assess blood flow, haemoglobin A1C levels to determine diabetes status, and body fat percentage, with a focus on abdominal fat, a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes.
Participants who reported higher stress levels from their teenage years into adulthood were more prone to high blood pressure, increased total body fat, more abdominal fat, poorer vascular health, and a higher risk of obesity than those who experienced lower stress levels.
Dr. Guo expressed surprise at the consistency of the association between perceived stress patterns and various risk factors. He advocates for healthcare professionals to incorporate the Perceived Stress Scale in clinical assessments, allowing for early identification and treatment of individuals with elevated stress levels.
Read MoreLosing weight through dance could beat conventional workouts
Traditional exercise routines, often recommended for shedding weight, can pose challenges in maintaining enthusiasm and commitment. Their repetitive and solitary nature, coupled with the physical exertion required, can make them less appealing over time.
Contrastingly, dancing emerges as a potent alternative for weight loss, according to recent research findings. Its inherent enjoyment and the opportunity for social engagement it provides set it apart from conventional exercise forms.
A meta-analysis examining 10 studies focusing on dance’s impact on individuals with overweight and obesity revealed significant health benefits. Regular dancers demonstrated marked improvements in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat percentage, and total fat loss, compared to non-dancers. These findings were published in the journal PLOS ONE.
The studies encompassed a variety of dance styles, including step-aerobic, cheerleading, creative, Zumba, bhangra, traditional, dance video games, square dance, simplified dance, and aerobic fitness dance. The frequency of dance sessions varied, with most participants dancing three times a week, except for square dancers (five times a week) and bhangra dancers (twice a week). Session durations ranged from 40 to 90 minutes, and the studies lasted from four weeks to one year.
Adherence to an exercise program is crucial for its success, and dancing’s entertainment value might significantly enhance this adherence. Dr. Jagdish Khubchandani, a public health professor at New Mexico State University not involved in the study, highlighted the motivational challenges of traditional exercises, often perceived as arduous and demanding in terms of time, physical effort, and financial resources.
Stephanie Escobedo, founder of Through the Body, a dance and fitness company, and not a participant in the research, echoed this sentiment. She emphasised the importance of finding an enjoyable exercise form for consistent engagement.
Dr. Menka Gupta, a functional medicine doctor at NutraNourish, remarked on the dance’s dual physical and mental health benefits. Beyond improving BMI, dance activities can elevate mood, reduce stress, and enhance sleep quality, thanks to the dopamine release associated with pleasure.
Dr. Khubchandani also referenced studies indicating dancing’s potential to enhance executive function, offering both physical and psychological advantages.
When it comes to choosing the most beneficial dance form, Dr. Gupta advises selecting one that resonates personally, ensuring long-term commitment and consistency. For older individuals or those preferring lower intensity, she recommends ballroom dancing for its social, balance, posture, and cardiovascular benefits.
Dr. Gupta particularly praises Zumba for its mental sharpness benefits, incorporating high-intensity interval training that fosters cognitive skills like decision-making and spatial recognition.
Escobedo supports the health benefits of various dance forms, highlighting ballet for muscle strength, balance, posture, and cardio endurance, and modern/contemporary dance for agility and core strength. She notes that popular cardio dance classes can contribute significantly to weight loss and overall fitness, offering a more enjoyable alternative to routine exercises.
Finally, Dr. Gupta stresses the emotional connection aspect of dance, sharing her personal preference for Zumba and Bollywood dancing, which evoke nostalgic childhood memories and connections.
In summary, dance not only serves as an effective exercise alternative for weight management but also offers diverse physical, mental, and emotional benefits, making it a comprehensive fitness choice.
Read MoreCurbing fruit juice intake in childhood may reduce obesity risk, research indicates
Recent research indicates that reducing the consumption of 100% fruit juice in children could be a key strategy in addressing the growing concern of childhood obesity, especially in younger age groups.
Published in the journal JAMA Pediatrics, this study sheds light on a significant issue: children who have overweight or obesity are more likely to maintain this status into adulthood. The researchers, therefore, advocate for limiting fruit juice intake to avoid excess calorie consumption and subsequent weight gain.
A team from the University of Toronto in Canada spearheaded the research, analysing data from 42 previous studies to explore the relationship between drinking 100% fruit juice and weight gain in both children and adults. While the link with adult weight gain requires further exploration, the team observed a definitive correlation between juice consumption and weight gain in children.
The study defined 100% fruit juice as a drink with no added sugar, with a standard serving being 8 ounces. The researchers evaluated data for approximately 46,000 children aged between 1 and 15 years. Their findings pointed to a clear association between each additional serving of 100% fruit juice and an increase in body mass index (BMI), a standard metric for determining overweight and obesity status. The team highlighted that, unlike whole fruits, juice lacks significant fibre, potentially leading to high calorie intake without a corresponding feeling of fullness.
The American Academy of Pediatrics has set guidelines advising against fruit juice for infants under one year and recommending a daily limit of 4 ounces as part of a meal for toddlers and young children. For children aged 1 to 6 years, the intake should not exceed 6 ounces per day.
On its website, the Academy emphasises, “Fruit juice offers no nutritional benefits over whole fruit,” pointing out that whole fruits also contain fibre and other essential nutrients. It advises against giving fruit juice at bedtime and cautions against its use in managing dehydration or diarrhoea.
The urgency of addressing childhood overweight and obesity is underscored by alarming statistics from the U.S., where 1 in 5 children aged 2 to 19 years have obesity. Obesity in childhood carries the risk of serious health issues such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, asthma, sleep apnea, and joint problems, according to the CDC.
The study observed that children consuming fruit juice gained more weight than those drinking zero-calorie beverages, like water. This weight gain was most pronounced in children aged 8 years and younger when compared to their peers consuming non-caloric drinks.
The types of juice consumed included pomegranate, berry, tart cherry, apple, citrus, and grape, with no noticeable differences in BMI impact based on juice type. The researchers suggested that weight gain could be attributed to the high liquid calorie content in fruit juice and the rapid absorption of fructose, which can affect liver function and cholesterol levels.
In conclusion, the study supports public health recommendations to limit the consumption of 100% fruit juice as a preventative measure against overweight and obesity in children.
Read MoreMayo Clinic teams up with Cerebras Systems to advance healthcare AI
The Mayo Clinic, a renowned non-profit medical institution based in Rochester, Minnesota, announced a strategic partnership with the Silicon Valley-based startup Cerebras Systems on Monday (15th of January, 2024). This collaboration aims to harness the power of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing healthcare services.
With significant presences across three major campuses in the United States and additional facilities in the United Kingdom and the United Arab Emirates, the Mayo Clinic is set to utilise cutting-edge computing chips and systems supplied by Cerebras. The collaboration will delve into the Mayo Clinic’s extensive archive of anonymised medical records and data, laying the groundwork for the development of bespoke AI models.
According to Matthew Callstrom, Mayo’s Medical Director for Strategy and Chair of the Radiology Department, these AI models are poised to revolutionise various aspects of medical record management and diagnostics. Some models are being designed to interpret and summarise extensive medical records for new patients, streamlining the patient onboarding process. Additionally, other models will focus on identifying intricate patterns in medical imagery and genome data, patterns that might elude even the most experienced medical professionals. However, Callstrom emphasised that these systems are intended to augment medical decision-making, not replace it. The human expertise of doctors remains paramount in the clinical decision-making process.
“The integration of AI is about enhancing the decision-making process for each patient, considering the multitude of factors and drawing upon extensive experience,” Callstrom explained.
The Mayo Clinic’s collaboration with Cerebras is anticipated to yield results that will be accessible via the Mayo Clinic Platform. This platform is a comprehensive data network already utilised by various healthcare systems such as Mercy in the U.S., the University Health Network in Canada, and other systems in Brazil and Israel.
While the pricing model for the AI technology developed through this partnership has not been finalised, Callstrom indicated that the Mayo Clinic intends to disclose further details about this venture during a presentation at JPMorgan Chase’s healthcare conference in San Francisco.
Andrew Feldman, CEO of Cerebras, described the deal as a multi-million-dollar agreement spanning several years, though he refrained from disclosing specific financial details. Cerebras, aspiring to compete with industry leaders like Nvidia, will provide both the necessary hardware and software development expertise as part of the agreement. This collaboration marks a significant step in integrating advanced AI capabilities into the healthcare sector, aiming to enhance patient care through technological innovation.
Read MoreExcessive school holiday downtime linked to rising health concerns in children
The extended school holidays, a period of relaxation and rest for educators and students alike, may be inadvertently contributing to health issues in children. Recent research highlights a worrying trend of increased weight gain during these leisure times, particularly among children.
In Australia, the prevalence of children and teenagers with overweight or obesity stands at one in four, reflecting a global issue where over 124 million children and adolescents have obesity. These alarming figures have spurred governments, educational institutions, and communities to advocate for enhanced physical activity and healthier eating habits among the younger demographic.
The groundbreaking ‘Life on Holidays‘ study, spearheaded by the University of South Australia’s Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity team, is the first to explore this phenomenon outside the United States. It specifically examined the impact of holiday periods on children’s fitness levels and body composition.
The study’s findings revealed a concerning pattern: children’s body fat accumulates more rapidly during school holidays than during academic terms. Notably, children in Years 4 and 5 exhibited a decrease in physical activity and an increase in sedentary behaviours during their holidays.
Key observations included children sleeping an average of 12 minutes less, engaging in 12 fewer minutes of physical activity daily, and spending an additional 70 minutes on screens each day during holiday periods. Consequently, there was a marked acceleration in body fat accumulation and a more pronounced decline in aerobic fitness compared to term time.
Professor Tim Olds, lead researcher from UniSA, suggests that promoting physical activities during school holidays could be crucial in combating these negative health trends. He notes that while children and their parents rightly deserve holiday downtime, the lifestyle shift during these periods often negatively impacts children’s health.
“On school holidays, kids are significantly less active than when they’re at school, leading to higher body fat percentages and lower levels of fitness,” Professor Olds remarked. He expressed concern over the rapid rate of weight gain and fitness loss during holidays, pointing out the potential long-term health risks such as cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes.
The study, which spanned two years, focused on children aged 9-10 years and involved over 150 participants. Data were collected at the start and end of Terms 1 and 4 across Grades 4 and 5.
Co-researcher Dr Dot Dumuid highlighted that the unstructured nature of school holidays contributes significantly to these trends. She pointed out that children have unrestricted access to food and are prone to increased screen time due to the lack of structured activities.
Dr Dumuid contrasted this with the structured environment of school days, where meals are planned, and physical education lessons and playtimes are scheduled. She suggested that adopting American-style summer camps and holiday programs could be an effective way to address the issue in Australia. These programs, she noted, have been successful in providing children with physical activities in a more structured setting.
“Summer camps and holiday programs have shown positive results in America and could offer a valuable solution during Australian holidays,” Dr Dumuid said. She emphasised the need for a balance between leisure and physical activity, questioning the reliance on devices and TV for child care at the expense of children’s health.
The study underlines the importance of finding a healthy balance between relaxation and physical activity during school holidays. As societies grapple with increasing rates of childhood obesity and associated health problems, initiatives like summer camps and structured holiday programs could play a pivotal role in ensuring the health and well-being of the younger generation.
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