AI-enhanced x-ray trials initiated in NHS Scotland for early lung cancer detection

The University of Glasgow has recently initiated a pivotal trial using artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance chest X-ray analysis for the early detection of lung cancer within the NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (NHSGGC). This innovative approach, named the Radiograph Accelerated Detection and Identification of Cancer of the Lung (RADICAL) trial, is being conducted at Inverclyde Royal Hospital, Vale of Leven Hospital, and Paisley’s Royal Alexandria Hospital.

Lung cancer, a major health concern in Scotland, accounts for approximately 5,500 new cases annually and is a leading cause of death in the region. Early diagnosis is crucial; if lung cancer is identified at stage 2, over 35% of patients have the potential to survive beyond five years, with this figure rising to 55% if diagnosed at stage 1.

The trial involves the analysis of chest X-rays using the qXR system, a collaborative effort between Qure.ai, NHSGGC-hosted West of Scotland Innovation Hub, the University of Glasgow, and the Scottish government. In this trial, nearly 250 patients across three hospitals have had their chest X-rays analysed by qXR in near real-time.

Qure.ai’s qXR technology functions by automatically sorting standard chest X-rays and identifying abnormalities such as masses or lung nodules. This allows for the prioritisation of patient cases, thus facilitating quicker and more accurate diagnosis.

Following a comprehensive, nationally coordinated evaluation of AI in radiology, this technology aims to demonstrate its clinical effectiveness, cost-efficiency, and enhanced patient outcomes. The qXR system is set to be integrated into approximately 70,000 chest X-ray examinations annually.

David Lowe, Professor of Health and Innovation at the University of Glasgow and Emergency Medicine Consultant at NHSGGC, emphasised the significance of early cancer detection. He stated that identifying cancer sooner can expedite further imaging and subsequent treatment, ultimately benefiting the entire patient care pathway.

Professor Julie Brittenden, Director of Research and Innovation at NHSGGC, highlighted the role of AI in assisting clinicians in treating patients. She noted that AI technology ensures patients are directed onto the most suitable treatment pathway as swiftly as possible.

Furthermore, the University of Glasgow’s Digital Health Validation Lab is providing vital support for qXR as part of the Living Laboratory for Precision Medicine. This initiative offers academic leadership and support to deliver the trial in conjunction with NHSGGC and Qure.ai, thereby furthering advancements in digital health and precision medicine.